Quercus turbinella
Scrub Oak
Family: Fagaceae
This plant is an evergreen shrub or small tree, reaching 10-15’ tall and slightly wider. While this is an evergreen species, many native evergreen oaks will hang onto old leaves and even have lots of brown leaves in spring just before the new leaves push out and then they drop the old leaves. Somewhat inconspicuous flowers occur in spring, followed by conspicuous acorns that ripen during monsoon. This oak reproduces sexually via its acorns if there is enough moisture present, but more often it reproduces vegetatively by sprouting from its rhizome and root crown.
Full to part sun; in the low desert, best in afternoon shade when young. Provide good drainage and moderate water when established. Hardy to 0°F. Toumey oak is one of the easier Arizona species of oaks that will grow well at lower elevations.
Oaks are wildlife keystone species hosting a mind-boggling number of insects. This brings in a vast array of substrate-insectivorous birds (birds that spend their time on these trees eating the insects). The acorns are important food for many birds and mammals (and some species eaten by people). The trees also provide important habitat for many birds and mammals. Almost all the oaks host a multitude of moths and butterflies including the Arizona sister (Adelpha eulalia), the dull firetip (Apyrrothrix araxes), the Short-tailed Skipper (Zestusa dorus), the sleepy duskywing (Erynnis brizo), the Meridian Duskywing (Erynnis meridianus), the Juvenal’s duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis), the llavia Hairstreak (Satyrium ilavia), the Gray Hairstreak (Strymon melinus), the Colorado Hairstreak (Hypaurotis crysalus), the Golden Hairstreak (Habrodais grunus), and more.
Oak acorns are edible but most species are high in tannins and need much processing—they are leached with many exchanges of water.
Quercus is the classical Latin word for oak, thought to be derived from Celtic quer, fine, and cuez, tree, while turbinella is thought to mean shaped like a spinning top, perhaps in diminutive form.
Found on arid slopes, often among chaparral communities, from 2,000-8,000’ in the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico.