Family: Oleaceae

This is relatively a large, deciduous shrub (or small tree) growing to about 15-20’ tall and wide. In fall the leaves of this species turns yellow before dropping. Inconspicuous but fragrant flowers appear in spring followed by fruits that ripen to purple. This plant can form thickets. Plants are dioecious, which means the male and female plants are separate. It is difficult to find sexed plants in the trade, but you need one of each in your neighborhood if you want fruits.

Plant in full to part sun. Provide moderate water when plants are established, and ensure good drainage. Plants are hardy to -20°F.

Flowers attract nectar-loving insects, fruits attract birds and other critters, and the plant is larval host for incense cedar sphinx (Sphinx libocedrus), hairstreaks (subfamily Theclinae) and other moths and butterflies. Because of the early blooms (usually starting in February) this tree is an important resource for bees. This is a great nesting and perching plant for birds.

The fruits are edible but bitter. Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic and the stems used to make ceremonial sticks.

Formerly known as Forestiera neomexicana. Forestiera is named for Charles Le Forestier, an 18th century French naturalist and physician, while pubescens means having soft, downy hair. There are 23 species of Forestiera native to Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, Ecuador and the southern half of the United States.

Found in moist soils of canyon bottoms from 4,500-6,500 ft. Ranges from Utah and Colorado, west to California and east to Oklahoma and Texas and south into Chihuahua.

Forestiera neomexicana on iNaturalist

Photo by Mountain States Wholesale Nursery