The Genus Erigeron
Fleabane
Family: Asteraceae
Often known commonly as fleabane, Erigeron has about 451 species of annuals and perennials. While the genus is cosmopolitan, the highest diversity occurs in North America, mostly in drier grasslands, and mountains, but also in the low desert.
Its English name, fleabane, is shared with related plants in several other genera. It appears to be derived from a belief that the dried plants repelled fleas or that the plants were poisonous to fleas. The generic name Erigeron is derived from the Ancient Greek words ἦρι (êri) "early in the morning" and γέρων (gérōn) "old man", a reference to the appearance of the white hairs of the fruit soon after flowering or possibly alluding to the early appearance of the seed heads.
The flowers are used by numerous butterflies, bees, and other pollinating insects. The also provide as larval food plants for the brown hooded owlet moth (Cucullia convexipennis), tortrix moths (Argyrotaenia spp) and several species of a genus of noctuid moths (Schinia spp) called flower moths. Species of checkerspots/patches (Chlosyne spp) also use this as a larval host.
Most species are small plants that get 1-2’ tall and most spread readily by reseeding. Flowers can occur almost any time of year which makes this a valuable plant for filling in nectar gaps in the landscape. Plants are variable, usually depending on growing conditions. Plants will act as annuals when resources, especially water, are low.
Plant in full sun to shady spots—part sun is most ideal. With most species, more sun will provide more flowers but will require more water. Moderate to regular water when established. Most species of Erigeron are extremely cold hardy. A few species from Mexico may freeze back during cold snaps but regrow from the roots.
Erigeron is a difficult genus, with many similar looking species distinguished from each other by subtle and obscure characters. A hand lens is necessary for field identification.
One species, commonly called horeseweed (Erigeron canadensis), was formerly classified as Conyza canadensis, and is a very useful medicinal herb and a very enjoyable tea. The young greens can also be eaten raw. It has a spicy flavor similar to the soda known as Dr. Pepper, and many people suspect that it actually used to be one of the secret ingredients for that soda. Many species of Erigeron are used as medicine all over the world.